{"id":3745,"date":"2020-02-24T19:57:36","date_gmt":"2020-02-24T18:57:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/?p=3745"},"modified":"2020-02-24T19:57:36","modified_gmt":"2020-02-24T18:57:36","slug":"ia-ou-la-science-sans-conscience","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/2020\/02\/24\/ia-ou-la-science-sans-conscience\/","title":{"rendered":"IA ou la science sans conscience"},"content":{"rendered":"<blockquote><p><em>&#8220;Science sans conscience n\u2019est que ruine de l\u2019\u00e2me&#8221; (Rabelais)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Science sans conscience n\u2019est que ruines et larmes&#8221; (Alpha Blondy)<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>&#8220;Des technocrates maigrichons<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Vous pr\u00e9disaient des jours meilleurs<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>Des aurores de l&#8217;expansion<\/em><\/p>\n<p><em>A la sournoise nuit des ch\u00f4meurs&#8221; (Bernard Lavilliers)<\/em><\/p><\/blockquote>\n<p>La guerre des donn\u00e9es et l&#8217;IA sont aujourd&#8217;hui au c\u0153ur de la transformation digitale de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9. Le 16 f\u00e9vrier 2017, le Parlement europ\u00e9en a demand\u00e9 \u00e0 la Commission de proposer un cadre l\u00e9gislatif sur la responsabilit\u00e9 des robots et de l\u2019IA. La Commission vient de publier son rapport pour une<em> &#8220;intelligence artificielle ax\u00e9e sur le facteur humain&#8221;<\/em>. Il s&#8217;agit de garantir <em>&#8220;un niveau \u00e9lev\u00e9 de protection des donn\u00e9es, de droits num\u00e9riques et de normes \u00e9thiques tout en tirant parti des avantages et en \u00e9vitant les risques des d\u00e9veloppements de l\u2019intelligence artificielle et de la robotique&#8221;.<\/em><\/p>\n<p><!--more--><\/p>\n<p>Analyser l&#8217;IA sous l&#8217;angle de la responsabilit\u00e9, c&#8217;est privil\u00e9gi\u00e9 une approche curative et non pr\u00e9ventive, le principe de pr\u00e9caution et l&#8217;\u00e9thique \u00e9tant sacrifi\u00e9s au nom de l&#8217;innovation technologique et de la comp\u00e9titivit\u00e9. Le groupe d&#8217; experts analyse l&#8217;IA sans innovation juridique majeure et tendent \u00e0 vouloir appliquer les principes de responsabilit\u00e9 objective et de responsabilit\u00e9 pour faute. Ils conclue notamment:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>qu&#8217;une personne exploitant une technologie autoris\u00e9e qui comporte un <strong>risque accru de pr\u00e9judice pour autrui<\/strong> devrait \u00eatre soumise \u00e0 une responsabilit\u00e9 stricte pour les dommages r\u00e9sultant de son exploitation. L\u2019<strong>assurance responsabilit\u00e9 civile obligatoire<\/strong> pourrait donner aux victimes un meilleur acc\u00e8s \u00e0 l\u2019indemnisation et prot\u00e9ger les auteurs potentiels de d\u00e9lits contre le risque de responsabilit\u00e9 (<strong>responsabilit\u00e9 objective<\/strong>);<\/li>\n<li>qu&#8217;une personne utilisant une technologie qui ne pr\u00e9sente <strong>pas de risque accru<\/strong> devrait \u00eatre tenue de respecter les <strong>obligations de s\u00e9lectionner, d\u2019exploiter, de surveiller et d\u2019entretenir correctement la technologie<\/strong> utilis\u00e9e et devrait \u00eatre responsable du non-respect de ces obligations en cas de faute (<strong>responsabilit\u00e9 pour faute<\/strong>);<\/li>\n<li>que dans les situations o\u00f9 un prestataire exerce un degr\u00e9 de contr\u00f4le plus \u00e9lev\u00e9 que le propri\u00e9taire ou l\u2019utilisateur d\u2019une IA, il convient d\u2019en tenir compte pour d\u00e9terminer le <strong>partage de responsabilit\u00e9<\/strong>;<\/li>\n<li>que les technologies num\u00e9riques \u00e9mergentes devraient \u00eatre dot\u00e9es de fonctions d\u2019enregistrement, lorsque les circonstances le justifient, et l\u2019absence d\u2019enregistrement ou d\u2019acc\u00e8s raisonnable aux donn\u00e9es enregistr\u00e9es devrait entra\u00eener un <strong>renversement de la charge de la preuve<\/strong> afin de ne pas porter pr\u00e9judice \u00e0 la victime;<\/li>\n<li>qu&#8217;il n\u2019est pas n\u00e9cessaire de conf\u00e9rer une <strong>personnalit\u00e9 juridique<\/strong> aux dispositifs autonomes au motif que le pr\u00e9judice qu\u2019ils peuvent causer peut et doit \u00eatre imputable \u00e0 des personnes existantes.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>Mais compte tenu du caract\u00e8re autonome des technologies de l&#8217;IA et du machine learning qui les distinguent des autres choses dont on a la garde, l&#8217;innovation juridique aurait pu consister \u00e0 imaginer de nouvelles formes de personnalit\u00e9s juridiques en fonction du degr\u00e9 d&#8217;autonomie, avec des droits, des devoirs et surtout, une \u00e9thique.<\/p>\n<iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmouillere.com%2Funiversconvergents%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F02%2FReport-Liability-for-AI-and-other-digital-technologies.pdf&hl=fr&embedded=true\" class=\"gde-frame\" style=\"width:100%; height:500px; border: none;\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<p class=\"gde-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/Report-Liability-for-AI-and-other-digital-technologies.pdf\" class=\"gde-link\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger (PDF, 1013KB)<\/a><\/p>\n<iframe src=\"\/\/docs.google.com\/viewer?url=https%3A%2F%2Fmouillere.com%2Funiversconvergents%2Fwp-content%2Fuploads%2F2020%2F02%2Fcommission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_fr.pdf&hl=fr&embedded=true\" class=\"gde-frame\" style=\"width:100%; height:500px; border: none;\" scrolling=\"no\"><\/iframe>\n<p class=\"gde-text\"><a href=\"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/commission-white-paper-artificial-intelligence-feb2020_fr.pdf\" class=\"gde-link\">T\u00e9l\u00e9charger (PDF, 949KB)<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.droit-technologie.org\/actualites\/les-experts-de-la-commission-analysent-la-responsabilite-appliquee-a-lintelligence-artificielle\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.droit-technologie.org\/actualites\/les-experts-de-la-commission-analysent-la-responsabilite-appliquee-a-lintelligence-artificielle\/<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.zdnet.fr\/blogs\/green-si\/europe-de-l-ia-le-debut-d-une-vision-39899523.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener noreferrer\">https:\/\/www.zdnet.fr\/blogs\/green-si\/europe-de-l-ia-le-debut-d-une-vision-39899523.htm<\/a><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&#8220;Science sans conscience n\u2019est que ruine de l\u2019\u00e2me&#8221; (Rabelais) &#8220;Science sans conscience n\u2019est que ruines et larmes&#8221; (Alpha Blondy) &#8220;Des technocrates maigrichons Vous pr\u00e9disaient des jours meilleurs Des aurores de&hellip; <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3753,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","default_image_id":0,"font":"","enabled":false},"version":2}},"categories":[2,16],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-3745","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-big-data","category-donnees-personnelles"],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/02\/artificial-intelligence-2228610_960_720.jpg?fit=960%2C600&ssl=1","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6jw1p-Yp","jetpack-related-posts":[{"id":5906,"url":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/2024\/03\/29\/25-recommandations-pour-faire-de-la-france-un-acteur-majeur-de-lia\/","url_meta":{"origin":3745,"position":0},"title":"25 recommandations pour faire de la France un acteur majeur de l&#8217;IA","author":"Fred","date":"29 mars 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"La Commission de l\u2019intelligence artificielle a rendu son rapport avec 25 recommandations pour faire de la France un acteur majeur l'IA. 7 recommandations prioritaires : Cr\u00e9er les conditions d\u2019une appropriation collective de l\u2019IA et de ses enjeux en lan\u00e7ant un plan de sensibilisation et de formation de la nation; Investir\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;IA&quot;","block_context":{"text":"IA","link":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/category\/it\/ia\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2024-03-IA-AmbitionFrance.png?fit=1200%2C586&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2024-03-IA-AmbitionFrance.png?fit=1200%2C586&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2024-03-IA-AmbitionFrance.png?fit=1200%2C586&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2024-03-IA-AmbitionFrance.png?fit=1200%2C586&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/03\/2024-03-IA-AmbitionFrance.png?fit=1200%2C586&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6403,"url":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/2024\/12\/23\/rapport-du-senat-ia-et-professions-du-droit\/","url_meta":{"origin":3745,"position":1},"title":"Rapport du S\u00e9nat IA et professions du droit","author":"Fred","date":"23 d\u00e9cembre 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Le S\u00e9nat vient de publier un rapport d\u2019information sur l\u2019IA et les professions du droit comportant 20 propositions pour que les usages se d\u00e9veloppent dans le respect des principes d\u00e9ontologiques. Proposition n\u00b0 1 : Informer syst\u00e9matiquement l\u2019utilisateur sur les risques d\u2019erreurs de tout r\u00e9sultat fourni par une\u00a0 IA et sur\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Avocat&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Avocat","link":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/category\/avocat\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2024-12-18-SENAT-AI.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2024-12-18-SENAT-AI.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2024-12-18-SENAT-AI.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2024-12-18-SENAT-AI.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/2024-12-18-SENAT-AI.png?fit=1200%2C624&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":5960,"url":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/2024\/06\/10\/ia-analysee-par-polytechnique\/","url_meta":{"origin":3745,"position":2},"title":"IA analys\u00e9e par Polytechnique","author":"Fred","date":"10 juin 2024","format":false,"excerpt":"Polytechnique Insights publie une s\u00e9rie d'articles sur les menaces et opportunit\u00e9s de l'IA. \u00a0 https:\/\/youtu.be\/AX4qD1jxE3c \u00a0 https:\/\/youtu.be\/s2L466lz_Ds \u00a0 https:\/\/www.polytechnique-insights.com\/dossiers\/science\/ia-generative-menace-ou-opportunite","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;IA&quot;","block_context":{"text":"IA","link":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/category\/it\/ia\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/06\/IA.jpeg?fit=1200%2C900&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6990,"url":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/2026\/03\/11\/ia-surveillance-globale\/","url_meta":{"origin":3745,"position":3},"title":"IA &#038; surveillance globale","author":"Fred","date":"11 mars 2026","format":false,"excerpt":"Nous basculons peu \u00e0 peu vers une surveillance totale marqu\u00e9e par l\u2019omnipr\u00e9sence de l\u2019IA et des points de rupture incluant : Le conflit Anthropic\/Pentagone : Le refus de l'entreprise Anthropic de lever les restrictions \u00e9thiques sur son mod\u00e8le \u00ab Claude \u00bb (rejet de la surveillance de masse et des armes\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;IA&quot;","block_context":{"text":"IA","link":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/category\/it\/ia\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IASurveillance.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IASurveillance.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IASurveillance.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/IASurveillance.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6491,"url":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/2025\/02\/24\/ia-rgpd-nouvelles-recommandations-cnil\/","url_meta":{"origin":3745,"position":4},"title":"IA\/RGPD : nouvelles recommandations CNIL","author":"Fred","date":"24 f\u00e9vrier 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"La CNIL a publi\u00e9 de nouvelles recommandations pour promouvoir une innovation responsable en mati\u00e8re d'intelligence artificielle (IA) tout en respectant le R\u00e8glement G\u00e9n\u00e9ral sur la Protection des Donn\u00e9es (RGPD). La CNIL formule plusieurs recommandations : Information des personnes : Lorsque des donn\u00e9es personnelles sont utilis\u00e9es pour entra\u00eener des mod\u00e8les d'IA,\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;Donn\u00e9es personnelles&quot;","block_context":{"text":"Donn\u00e9es personnelles","link":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/category\/it\/donnees-personnelles\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2025-02-CNIL-ConsultationPublique-IA.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2025-02-CNIL-ConsultationPublique-IA.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2025-02-CNIL-ConsultationPublique-IA.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/02\/2025-02-CNIL-ConsultationPublique-IA.jpg?fit=1024%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x"},"classes":[]},{"id":6648,"url":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/2025\/07\/14\/ia-creation\/","url_meta":{"origin":3745,"position":5},"title":"IA &#038; Cr\u00e9ation","author":"Fred","date":"14 juillet 2025","format":false,"excerpt":"Le\u00a0S\u00e9nat\u00a0vient de publier son rapport sur l'IA et la Cr\u00e9ation\u00a0pour concilier innovation et cr\u00e9ation en garantissant l\u2019effectivit\u00e9 du droit d\u2019auteur et le partage de la valeur. Dans\u00a0le\u00a0domaine culturel, l\u2019IA\u00a0offre\u00a0de\u00a0nouvelles\u00a0opportunit\u00e9s\u00a0sur\u00a0le\u00a0plan\u00a0de\u00a0la\u00a0cr\u00e9ation\u00a0et\u00a0de\u00a0la\u00a0diffusion\u00a0des \u0153uvres, mais ses usages pr\u00e9sentent \u00e9galement des risques pour\u00a0le\u00a0statut\u00a0et\u00a0la\u00a0valeur\u00a0de\u00a0la\u00a0production\u00a0artistique,\u00a0ainsi\u00a0que\u00a0pour\u00a0les\u00a0droits\u00a0et\u00a0la\u00a0protection\u00a0des\u00a0auteurs. Les fournisseurs d'IA ont su exploiter les failles offertes par la r\u00e8glementation\u2026","rel":"","context":"Dans &quot;IA&quot;","block_context":{"text":"IA","link":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/category\/it\/ia\/"},"img":{"alt_text":"","src":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2025-07-09-IACreation-Synthese.png?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200","width":350,"height":200,"srcset":"https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2025-07-09-IACreation-Synthese.png?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=350%2C200 1x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2025-07-09-IACreation-Synthese.png?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=525%2C300 1.5x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2025-07-09-IACreation-Synthese.png?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=700%2C400 2x, https:\/\/i0.wp.com\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/07\/2025-07-09-IACreation-Synthese.png?fit=1200%2C768&ssl=1&resize=1050%2C600 3x"},"classes":[]}],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=3745"}],"version-history":[{"count":6,"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":3754,"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/3745\/revisions\/3754"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/3753"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=3745"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=3745"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/mouillere.com\/universconvergents\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=3745"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}